Chipp, in 1962, clarifying the authorship of this Manifesto, Breton was the only one of the three men involved still alive. Furthermore, we cannot omit the personal relations between the three couples - Trotsky and his wife Natalia Sedova, Rivera and Frida Kahlo, and Breton and Jacqueline Lamba - who spent so much time together in the Spring and Summer of 1938. In so doing, we need to trace developments of earlier decades. Much of my evidence is visual and I hope to shed some light on the tensions and rivalries between Rivera and Breton. 1 My approach will focus in on works of art since I am an art historian and since the two signatories to the manifesto were artists, but I will also bring in the writings of Trotsky. It is my intention to demonstrate that the intellectual context of the 1938 Manifesto: Towards A Free Revolutionary Art was collaborative, with Leon Trotsky, Diego Rivera and André Breton each making important contributions to its content.
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